Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH)

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a rare and complex brain disorder that affects the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain’s ventricles. Despite its name, this condition occurs when there is an abnormal buildup of CSF in the brain’s cavities without a corresponding increase in pressure. This can lead to significant neurological symptoms that are often mistaken for other diseases.

NPH affects approximately two to six per 100,000 people annually, predominantly older adults. Because of its subtle progression and overlapping symptoms with other cognitive conditions, NPH is often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed entirely.

At Cooper and Inspira Neuroscience, we specialize in the precise diagnosis and advanced treatment of NPH. With a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuropsychologists, we offer comprehensive care tailored to each patient’s needs.

What Causes Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?

Normal pressure hydrocephalus can be caused by a variety of factors or occur without a clear cause at all. When no known cause can be identified, the condition is classified as primary (idiopathic) NPH. Secondary NPH, on the other hand, results from known events such as head trauma, brain surgery, hemorrhage, or infections.

Because NPH shares symptoms with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other forms of dementia, receiving an accurate diagnosis is critical for successful treatment.

How Is NPH Diagnosed?

Diagnosing NPH involves a comprehensive evaluation, which may include:

•    Physical and neurological exams.
•    Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans.
•    Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, such as a lumbar puncture or CSF drainage test.

At Cooper and Inspira Neuroscience, we use a multimodal diagnostic approach, combining cutting-edge imaging and functional assessments to ensure precise diagnosis. Early detection dramatically improves the chances of successful treatment.

Who Is At Risk?

Older adults are more likely to develop NPH, especially after age 60

Symptoms

NPH symptoms often develop slowly and may be confused with normal aging or other neurological disorders. Common symptoms fall into three categories:

•    Gait disturbances (e.g., difficulty walking, shuffling feet, imbalance).
•    Cognitive impairment (e.g., memory loss, confusion).
•    Urinary incontinence (e.g., sudden urges to urinate or loss of bladder control).

These symptoms can appear in any combination. If you or a loved one are experiencing any of these signs, it’s essential to seek medical care immediately. NPH requires clinical treatment and cannot be managed at home.

Treatment Options

The primary treatment for NPH is surgical placement of a shunt—a small device implanted in the brain or spine that diverts excess cerebrospinal fluid to another part of the body, typically the abdomen.

At Cooper and Inspira, our neurosurgeons specialize in minimally invasive shunt procedures, using the latest technologies to reduce risks and enhance recovery. We also monitor patients’ post-surgery through personalized follow-up care to ensure long-term success.

Why Choose Cooper and Inspira Neuroscience?

When it comes to treating NPH, expertise matters. Cooper and Inspira Neuroscience offers:

•    Multidisciplinary care teams that collaborate across neurology, neurosurgery, and neuropsychology.
•    Leadership in research and clinical trials.
•    State-of-the-art diagnostic technology.
•    Dedicated care coordination and follow-up.