Thoracentesis

Thoracentesis is a common procedure used to relieve an excess buildup of fluid in the chest cavity, known as pleural effusion.

Normally, only a small about of fluid is present in the pleural space – the area between the lungs and chest wall – to help the lungs move smoothly during breathing. When excess fluid builds up in this space, it can result from a variety of medical conditions, including cancer, pneumonia, congestive heart failure, blood clots in the lungs, autoimmune diseases, and more. 

Many pleural effusions causes no symptoms but larger or inflamed effusions may cause:

• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain, especially on breathing in deeply (pleurisy, or pleuritic pain)
• Fever
• Cough

Most pleural effusions are not serious. Some require treatment, while others will resolve on their own.

To relieve symptoms, thoracentesis is often performed. This procedure involves numbing the skin, inserting a needle through the chest wall, and draining the excess fluid to help improve breathing and comfort.